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Cover design: Cees W. de Jong

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ISBN 978-1-118-77205-8 (cloth)
ISBN 978-1-119-13620-0 (pdf)
ISBN 978-1-119-13623-1 (epub)

CONTENTS

Preface

Preface to the First Edition

Acknowledgments

Part I The Prologue to Graphic Design

1 The Invention of Writing
1. Prehistoric visual communications
2. The cradle of civilization
3. The earliest writing
4. Mesopotamian visual identification
5. Egyptian hieroglyphs
6. Papyrus and writing
7. The first illustrated manuscripts
8. Egyptian visual identification
2 Alphabets
1. Cretan pictographs
2. The North Semitic alphabet
3. The Aramaic alphabet and its descendants
4. The Greek alphabet
5. The Latin alphabet
6. The Korean alphabet
3 The Asian Contribution
1. Chinese calligraphy
2. The invention of paper
3. The discovery of printing
4. The invention of movable type
4 Illuminated Manuscripts
1. The classical style
2. Celtic book design
3. The Caroline graphic renewal
4. Spanish pictorial expressionism
5. Romanesque and Gothic manuscripts
6. Judaic manuscripts
7. Islamic manuscripts
8. Late medieval illuminated manuscripts

Part II A Graphic Renaissance

5 Printing Comes to Europe
1. Early European block printing
2. Movable typography in Europe
3. Copperplate engraving
6 The German Illustrated Book
1. Origins of the illustrated typographic book
2. Nuremberg becomes a printing center
3. The further development of the German illustrated book
4. Typography spreads from Germany
7 Renaissance Graphic Design
1. Graphic design of the Italian Renaissance
2. Italian writing masters
3. Innovation passes to France
4. Basel and Lyons become design centers
5. The seventeenth century
8 An Epoch of TypographicGenius
1. Graphic design of the rococo era
2. Caslon and Baskerville
3. The origins of information graphics
4. The imperial designs of Louis René Luce
5. The modern style
6. The illuminated printing of William Blake
7. The epoch closes

Part III The Bridge to the Twentieth Century

9 Graphic Design and the Industrial Revolution
1. Innovations in typography
2. The wood-type poster
3. A revolution in printing
4. The mechanization of typography
5. Photography, the new communications tool
6. The inventors of photography
7. The application of photography to printing
8. Defining the medium
9. Photography as reportage
10. Popular graphics of the Victorian era
11. The development of lithography
12. The Boston school of chromolithography
13. The design language of chromolithography
14. The battle on the signboards
15. Images for children
16. The rise of American editorial and advertising design
17. Victorian typography
10 The Arts and Crafts Movement and Its Heritage
1. The Century Guild
2. The Kelmscott Press
3. The private press movement
4. A book-design renaissance
11 Art Nouveau
1. The influence of ukiyo-e
2. Art nouveau
3. Chéret and Grasset
4. English art nouveau
5. The further development of French art nouveau
6. Art nouveau comes to America
7. Innovation in Belgium and the Netherlands
8. The German Jugendstil movement
9. The Italian pictorial tradition
12 The Genesis of Twentieth-Century Design
1. Frank Lloyd Wright and the Glasgow school
2. The Vienna Secession
3. Peter Behrens and the New Objectivity
4. Design for the London Underground

Part IV The Modernist Era

13 The Influence of Modern Art
1. Cubism
2. Futurism
3. Dada
4. Surrealism
5. Expressionism
6. Photography and the modern movement
14 Pictorial Modernism
1. Plakatstil
2. Switzerland and the Sachplakat
3. The poster goes to war
4. The maverick from Munich
5. Spanish Civil War posters
6. Postcubist pictorial modernism
15 A New Language of Form
1. Russian suprematism and constructivism
2. De Stijl
3. The spread of constructivism
16 The Bauhaus and the New Typography
1. The Bauhaus at Weimar
2. The impact of Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
3. The Bauhaus at Dessau
4. The final years of the Bauhaus
5. Jan Tschichold and the new typography
6. Typeface design in the first half of the twentieth century
7. The Isotype movement
8. The prototype for the modern map
9. Independent voices in the Netherlands
10. New approaches to photography
17 The Modern Movement in America
1. Immigrants to America
2. The Works Progress Administration Poster Project
3. The flight from fascism
4. A patron of design
5. The war years
6. After the war
7. Informational and scientific graphics

Part V The Age of Information

18 The International Typographic Style
1. Pioneers of the movement
2. Functional graphics for science
3. New Swiss sans-serif typefaces
4. A master of classical typography
5. Design in Basel and Zurich
6. The International Typographic Style in America
19 The New York School
1. Pioneers of the New York school
2. Graphic design education at Yale University School of Art
3. An editorial design revolution
4. Editorial design after the decline
5. The new advertising
6. American typographic expressionism
7. George Lois
20 Corporate Identity andVisual Systems
1. Pintori at Olivetti
2. Design at CBS
3. Raymond Loewy
4. The New Haven Railroad design program
5. Corporate identification comes of age
6. Programmed visual identification systems
7. The Federal Design Improvement Program
8. Transportation signage symbols
9. Design systems for the Olympic Games
10. The Music Television logo
21 The Conceptual Image
1. The Polish poster
2. American conceptual images
3. The poster mania
4. European visual poets
5. Postrevolution Cuban posters
22 Postmodern Design
1. Precursors to postmodern design
2. Early Swiss postmodern design
3. New-wave typography
4. The Memphis and San Francisco schools
5. Retro and vernacular design
23 National Visions within a Global Dialogue
1. Pentagram, the formative years
2. Recent British graphic design
3. The rise of Japanese design
4. Design in the Netherlands
5. The new conceptual poster
6. The conceptual book cover
7. Design in Spain, Portugal, and Latin America
8. A new aesthetic of modern Chinese graphic design
9. South Korea
10. The Middle East
11. A voice from Africa
24 The Digital Revolution—and Beyond
1. The origins of computer-aided graphic design
2. Pioneers of digital graphic design
3. Revitalizing editorial design
4. The digital type foundry
5. Digital imaging
6. Interactive media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web
7. The digital vanguard
8. Design for portable devices
9. Motion graphics and film titles
10. Typography and the built environment
11. New typographic expression
12. Letterpress revival

Epilogue

Bibliography

Image Credits

Index

Eula